lisk did you take a look at our documentation ? There's a lot to cover here.
- You need to extend the front-end to add a field to the Composer component
- You need to extend the save function of the Composer to send your data along to the API
- You need migrations to add columns to the database
- You need listeners to act on discussion or comment creation
- You need a policy to check authorization
- You probably need a validator to check the validity of the data
- You need to use the discussion/post database model to save the data to the database
- And you likely also need to extend serializers and add front-end components if you want to display the data
In addition to the documentation you should take a look at existing extensions. One notable example of adding fields to the composer is Flagrow Mason. Also the tags extension and Flagrow Byobu both add selectors for tags and recipients.
Let us know what part you need help with 😉