Our recommendation is to follow the instructions of each update guide, so you would do the beta 10, beta 11 and beta 12 update steps.
As you might notice if you do that, those are pretty much exactly the same steps. So simply running the beta 12 instructions will usually work from the last few betas.
If someone finds this thread and is on a Flarum beta that's more than one version behind the latest, I recommend you read each update guide carefully before starting the update. The more behind you are, the most likely we will have some important notes about breaking changes.
With our new release cycles updates are now more frequent and not all of them are as breaking as before. The last betas 10, 11, 12 have mostly added new features and fixed bugs, but some major updates are still to come before stable.