Metric-Void yes indeed, the assets
folder in the extension would be the "official" way of publishing assets for now.
I can't comment on the path helpers as I'm not sure what decision has been taken, but there's indeed some changes coming to the helper functions.
I'm not aware of anyone successfully implementing tinker. It won't be as easy as just installing the package (in particular, because we don't auto-discover packages like Laravel), but as luceos points out in the linked discussion, it should be possible, as we use the same console packages as Laravel.
It's important to note that Flarum isn't a Laravel app nor it is a Laravel package. It's a standalone app that uses some of Laravel components, including the container, database and commands. The router, request handlers and middlewares are not Laravel however.