For those who still struggle:
Let's assume, we call the symbol for our newly created tag flag-de. Then we have to add the following style rule to the Appearance > Custom Styles section of the admin panel:
.Button-icon.icon.flag-de {
content: url(https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@13/assets/72x72/1f1e9-1f1ea.png);
}
To find out the url of your flag, just create a test post and include :flag_de: which renders as 🇩🇪. Then inspect-element the flag with your favorite browser tool and copy the source of the image, in our case https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/twitter/twemoji@13/assets/72x72/1f1e9-1f1ea.png.