I don't think there's any publicly available extension that lets you change them via a user interface.
The filters can be modified using the extension API. You can see how FoF Gamification adds a new sort option for example, or how Blomstra Sort Toggles dynamically modifies the existing options.
If you just want to hide existing options, you could use CSS. It will still be possible to apply those sort options if you know the exact URL and type it manually.